Felting is a way to make fabric from wool without a loom, needles, or yarn. Hot water + soap + friction = felt.
Principle
Wool fibers have scales. Hot water and alkali (soap) open the scales. Friction tangles fibers. When cooling, scales close — felt can't be untangled.
Wet Felting
Lay wool in layers (each perpendicular to the last). Wet with hot soapy water. Rub by hand — gently first, harder later. 30–60 minutes. Felt compresses and shrinks 30–40%. Rinse cold, dry.
What They Make
Insoles — cut to foot shape. Slippers — felt on a shoe last. Hats — on a wooden form. Blankets. Pot holders. Bags. Felt is one of the most versatile materials.
Felt Properties
Water-resistant (to a point). Holds shape. Warm — air trapped in tangled fibers insulates. Doesn't fray on cut edges — no finishing needed. Amish felt insoles are standard for winter footwear.